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On an experiment done by 2 psychologists Martin Seligman and Steve Maier. The dogs were divided into 3 groups. The dog in Group A was placed in a harness and administered an electric shock but was also given a lever they could press to make the shock stop.
The dogs in Group B were placed in an identical harness and were given the same lever, and the same shock, with one catch: the lever, didn’t work. The Group B of dogs felt powerless to do anything about the electric shock.
The dogs in Group C were simply placed in the harness and not given any shocks.
Afterward, each dog was placed in a large box with a lower divider across the center. One side of the box produced an electric shock; the other did not.